Can you seal acrylic paint? Yes, you absolutely can, and it’s a crucial step in protecting acrylic paint and ensuring your artwork lasts for years to come. Sealing your acrylic paintings involves applying a protective layer, often called a varnish for acrylics or an acrylic sealant, which shields the artwork from dust, UV rays, scratches, and general wear and tear, thereby preserving acrylic paintings.
Acrylic paint, while durable once dry, can still be susceptible to damage if left unprotected. The surface can be porous, allowing dust and grime to settle in, and it can be easily scratched. Over time, exposure to sunlight can cause colors to fade. This is where sealing your art comes in. Applying the right protective finish is essential for maintaining the vibrancy and integrity of your creative endeavors. Whether you’re sealing painted canvas or another surface, the goal is the same: long-lasting beauty.
This guide will walk you through the entire process, from choosing the right sealant to applying it flawlessly. We’ll delve into the different types of acrylic sealant available, explain how to prepare your artwork, and offer tips for achieving a professional acrylic paint finish.
Why Sealing Acrylic Paintings Matters
Protecting acrylic paint is more than just a final step; it’s a vital part of the art-making process. Think of it like the frame for your painting – it enhances and safeguards the work within. Here’s why taking the time to seal your art is so important:
- Durability and Protection: Acrylics, once dry, are relatively tough. However, they can still be scratched, chipped, or scuffed. A good sealant acts as a protective shield, making the surface more resistant to physical damage. This is particularly important for works that will be handled or displayed in high-traffic areas.
- UV Resistance: Many modern sealants contain UV inhibitors. These special ingredients help block harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. Without this protection, colors can fade over time, especially vibrant reds and yellows. Preserving acrylic paintings from light damage is key to maintaining their original brilliance.
- Dust and Grime Resistance: The surface of an acrylic painting can be slightly porous. This means dust, dirt, and even smoke can adhere to the paint. A sealant creates a smooth, non-porous surface, making it easy to clean with a soft, damp cloth.
- Color Enhancement and Uniformity: Some sealants can subtly alter the appearance of your painting. They can deepen colors, create a more uniform sheen (matte, satin, or gloss), and unify any areas that might have dried slightly differently due to variations in paint application. This helps achieve the desired acrylic paint finish.
- Moisture Resistance: While acrylics are water-resistant when dry, a good sealant adds an extra layer of protection against moisture, humidity, and even accidental spills.
Without proper sealing, your beautiful acrylic artwork is more vulnerable to the elements and everyday life, diminishing its longevity and visual appeal.
Choosing the Right Acrylic Sealant
The world of sealants can seem overwhelming, but it boils down to a few key types. The best sealant for acrylics depends on your desired finish, the type of surface you’re working on, and your application preference.
Types of Acrylic Sealants
When varnishing acrylics, you’ll encounter several common forms of sealants. Each has its pros and cons:
- Spray Sealants: These are very popular for their ease of application and ability to provide a thin, even coat. They are ideal for delicate surfaces or when you want a very light protective layer. They are often referred to as a spray sealant for acrylics.
- Pros: Even application, quick drying, good for intricate textures.
- Cons: Can be affected by humidity and wind, potential for uneven coverage if not applied correctly, requires good ventilation, can be more expensive per ounce than liquid varnishes.
- Liquid Varnishes (Brush-On): These are typically applied with a soft brush. They offer more control over the thickness of the layer and can be excellent for creating a more robust protective barrier.
- Pros: Greater control over application, can build up thicker layers for more protection, often more economical for large pieces.
- Cons: Risk of brush strokes or lint contamination, requires more careful application to avoid drips or pooling.
- Gels (Gloss, Satin, Matte): Acrylic mediums can also act as sealants, especially gels. These can be applied with a brush or palette knife and can add texture as well as protection. They are often used to achieve a specific acrylic paint finish.
- Pros: Can add texture and body, versatile in application, can be mixed with paints.
- Cons: Can be trickier to apply evenly for a smooth finish, may alter the paint’s original texture if not applied carefully.
Finish Options
The type of finish you choose will significantly impact the final look of your finishing acrylic artwork:
- Gloss: This finish creates a reflective, shiny surface. It can make colors appear richer and deeper, giving the artwork a “pop.” However, it can also show glare, which might be distracting depending on the lighting.
- Satin: A satin finish offers a subtle sheen, somewhere between matte and gloss. It provides a good balance, enhancing colors without excessive reflection. It’s often a preferred choice for sealing painted canvas as it’s less prone to glare than gloss.
- Matte: This finish provides a non-reflective, flat appearance. It preserves the original matte look of the acrylic paint and minimizes glare. It’s excellent for portraits or any artwork where you want to avoid distracting reflections.
Interlocking Keywords: Acrylic Sealant, Protecting Acrylic Paint, Acrylic Sealant
It’s important to note that the term “acrylic sealant” is quite broad. It can refer to specialized varnishes designed for acrylics or even certain acrylic mediums. When choosing a product, always ensure it is specifically labeled for use with acrylic paints. Generic sealants might yellow, crack, or react negatively with the acrylic binder, compromising your artwork. Protecting acrylic paint requires products formulated for its specific properties.
Common Sealant Brands and Products
Many art supply companies offer excellent sealants. Some popular and reliable brands include:
- Golden Artist Colors: Known for high-quality artist-grade mediums and varnishes. Their MSA Varnish (solvent-based) and Polymer Varnishes (water-based) are highly regarded.
- Liquitex: Offers a range of professional varnishes in gloss, satin, and matte finishes, available in both spray and brush-on forms.
- Krylon: A more accessible brand, Krylon’s Crystal Clear Acrylic Spray and Kamar Varnish are often used by artists for sealing. The Kamar Varnish is specifically designed not to yellow or darken over time.
- Grumbacher: Provides various varnishes, including their Pre-Test® Varnishes, which are known for their archival quality.
When selecting a product, look for terms like “archival,” “acid-free,” and “non-yellowing” to ensure the best long-term protection for your artwork.
Preparing Your Acrylic Painting for Sealing
Proper preparation is key to a successful sealing job. Skipping this step can lead to an uneven finish, trapped dust, or even damage to your painting.
Ensuring the Paint is Fully Cured
Acrylic paints dry to the touch relatively quickly, but they continue to cure and harden over time. It’s crucial to let your painting cure completely before applying a sealant.
- Drying vs. Curing: While the surface of the paint might feel dry within an hour or two, the acrylic binder needs more time to fully harden and reach its maximum durability. This can take anywhere from 72 hours to several weeks, depending on the thickness of the paint layers and the humidity of the environment.
- Why It Matters: Applying a sealant too early can trap moisture within the paint layers, potentially causing cloudiness or a weakened finish. The sealant might also interact poorly with the still-curing binder.
- Recommendation: It’s generally recommended to wait at least 7 to 14 days after completing your painting before applying any sealant. For very thick impasto paintings, waiting even longer (up to a month) is advisable.
Cleaning the Surface
A clean surface is essential for a smooth, blemish-free sealant application.
- Dust Removal: Gently remove any dust or loose debris from the painting’s surface. You can use a very soft, dry brush (like a clean makeup brush or a specific art dusting brush) or a can of compressed air.
- Grease and Smudges: If there are any fingerprints or smudges, you can lightly wipe the surface with a clean, lint-free cloth. For stubborn marks, you can slightly dampen the cloth with distilled water. Avoid using any harsh chemicals or solvents, as these can damage the acrylic paint.
Testing the Sealant
Before applying the sealant to your entire artwork, always perform a test.
- Where to Test: Find an inconspicuous area on the painting, such as the edge or a small, unpainted section of the canvas. Alternatively, you can test the sealant on a piece of paper or canvas painted with the same colors and application techniques.
- What to Look For:
- Color Changes: Does the sealant darken or alter the colors of your paint?
- Reactivity: Does it cause any bubbling, lifting, or unexpected reactions with the paint?
- Finish: Does it provide the desired gloss, satin, or matte effect?
- Adhesion: Does it adhere well to the surface?
- Spray Test: If using a spray sealant, test it on your swatch from a distance similar to how you’ll spray the actual artwork. Check for an even mist and avoid overspray patterns.
This testing phase is crucial for preventing potential disasters and ensuring you achieve the look you want for your finishing acrylic artwork.
Applying Acrylic Sealant: Step-by-Step
The method of application will vary slightly depending on whether you’re using a spray or a liquid varnish. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the specific product you’ve chosen.
Applying Spray Sealants
Spray sealants are convenient and offer a fine mist. However, proper technique is vital.
h4: Preparation for Spraying
- Ventilation: Work in a well-ventilated area, ideally outdoors or in a space with open windows and fans. Wear a respirator mask to avoid inhaling fumes.
- Surface Protection: Cover your workspace with drop cloths or old newspapers to protect it from overspray.
- Artwork Stability: Place your artwork on a stable surface. If it’s a canvas, you might prop it up or lay it flat. Ensure it’s level to prevent drips.
h4: Application Process
- Shake the Can: Shake the spray can vigorously for at least one minute. This ensures the propellant and sealant are thoroughly mixed.
- Test Spray: Do a quick test spray on a piece of scrap material to check the spray pattern and ensure it’s misting evenly.
- First Coat: Hold the can about 10-12 inches away from the painting. Spray in long, even, sweeping motions, moving your arm from side to side. Slightly overlap each pass to ensure complete coverage. Avoid holding the can in one spot for too long, as this can lead to drips.
- Thin Layers: It’s better to apply multiple thin coats than one thick coat. This helps prevent runs and ensures a more even finish.
- Drying Time: Allow each coat to dry thoroughly according to the manufacturer’s instructions before applying the next. This usually takes 15-30 minutes for light coats.
- Subsequent Coats: Apply 2-3 light coats for adequate protection. For maximum protection and a smoother finish, you might apply up to 4-5 coats.
- Final Cure: Allow the artwork to cure completely for the time recommended by the manufacturer (often 24 hours or more) before handling or framing.
Applying Liquid Varnishes (Brush-On)
Brush-on varnishes offer more control but require a gentler hand to avoid brush strokes.
h4: Preparation for Brushing
- Workspace: Prepare a clean, dust-free workspace. Lay down a drop cloth to protect your surface.
- Artwork Setup: Place your artwork on a flat, level surface. An easel can be helpful if working vertically.
- Brush Selection: Use a high-quality, soft-bristled brush. Synthetic brushes are often preferred as they are less likely to shed hairs. Ensure the brush is clean and free of debris.
h4: Application Process
- Stir, Don’t Shake: If your varnish needs mixing, stir it gently. Avoid shaking liquid varnishes, as this can introduce air bubbles, which can mar the finish.
- Load the Brush: Dip the brush into the varnish, loading it with a moderate amount. Don’t overload the brush, as this can lead to drips.
- First Coat: Begin applying the varnish with long, even strokes in one direction (e.g., horizontally). Work in small sections.
- Smooth Application: As you move across the painting, use light, consistent pressure. Feather the edges of your strokes to blend them seamlessly.
- Back-brushing (Optional): Some artists prefer to “back-brush” their work. After applying a section, lightly go over it again in the opposite direction to ensure an even coat and remove any potential brush marks.
- Drying Time: Allow each coat to dry completely according to the manufacturer’s instructions before applying the next. This can vary but is often longer than spray sealants, sometimes 1-4 hours.
- Subsequent Coats: Apply 2-3 thin coats for good protection. Again, thin coats are better than one thick, potentially streaky coat.
- Final Cure: Let the artwork cure fully for the time specified by the manufacturer before touching or moving it significantly.
Important Considerations for Both Methods
- Temperature and Humidity: The ideal temperature for applying sealants is typically between 65-75°F (18-24°C) with relative humidity below 60%. Extreme temperatures or humidity can affect drying time and the quality of the finish.
- Avoid Over-Application: Too much sealant can lead to a sticky surface, cloudiness, or a milky appearance, especially with spray sealants.
- Even Coverage: The goal is a uniform layer across the entire surface. Inspect your work from different angles as you apply.
- Working on Different Surfaces: While canvas is common, you might be sealing painted canvas board, wood panels, or even paper. Always check if the sealant is suitable for your specific substrate.
Types of Acrylic Sealants and Their Properties
When delving into varnishing acrylics, understanding the different formulations can help you select the best sealant for acrylics.
Water-Based vs. Solvent-Based Sealants
This is a primary distinction when choosing an acrylic sealant:
- Water-Based Varnishes:
- Composition: These are typically acrylic polymer emulsions. They are easy to clean up with water and soap.
- Pros: Low odor, non-yellowing, flexible, easy to use and clean, good for most applications. They are a popular choice for protecting acrylic paint.
- Cons: Can sometimes raise the tooth of paper if used on paper without a primer, may not be as durable as some solvent-based options for very heavy-duty protection.
- Examples: Golden Polymer Varnish, Liquitex Acrylic Varnish.
- Solvent-Based Varnishes (e.g., MSA Varnish):
- Composition: Contain mineral spirits or other solvents. They require specific solvents for cleanup.
- Pros: Extremely durable, provide a very hard, protective shell, can be thinned to achieve different sheens, excellent for artists seeking the most robust protection.
- Cons: Strong odor, require good ventilation and personal protective equipment (respirator), can potentially soften some lower-quality acrylic paints if applied too heavily or too soon, cleanup is more involved.
- Examples: Golden MSA Varnish (available in gloss, satin, matte finishes).
Artist-Grade vs. Craft-Grade Sealants
- Artist-Grade: These products are formulated with higher quality ingredients, designed for archival permanence and longevity. They are less likely to yellow, crack, or degrade over time. They are the preferred choice for preserving acrylic paintings that are intended for sale or long-term display.
- Craft-Grade: Often found in craft stores, these sealants can be cheaper but may contain lower-quality ingredients. They might yellow over time, become brittle, or not offer the same level of protection. While they can be suitable for temporary crafts, they are generally not recommended for fine art.
Fixatives for Acrylics
A fixative for acrylics is a type of spray sealant, often lighter than traditional varnishes.
- Purpose: Fixatives are often used to seal charcoal, pastel, or graphite drawings to prevent smudging. For acrylics, a fixative can provide a light protective layer, especially before applying a more robust varnish, or it can be used as the sole protective layer on less valuable works.
- Types: They come in matte, satin, and gloss finishes. Some are specifically designed for acrylics and contain UV protection.
- Consideration: While a fixative offers some protection, it’s generally not as durable as a dedicated acrylic varnish. If you are serious about preserving acrylic paintings, a varnish is usually the better option.
Maintaining Your Sealed Acrylic Paintings
Once your artwork is sealed, it’s much easier to maintain.
- Dusting: Regularly dust your artwork with a soft, dry cloth or a feather duster.
- Cleaning: If the surface becomes smudged or dirty, you can lightly wipe it with a clean, soft cloth slightly dampened with distilled water. Never use household cleaners or solvents.
- Avoid Harsh Environments: Keep your artwork out of direct sunlight and away from excessive humidity or temperature fluctuations, as these can still affect even sealed paintings over long periods.
- Framing: Consider framing your artwork behind glass or acrylic for added protection against physical damage and environmental factors. Ensure the glass does not directly touch the painting’s surface; use a mat board or spacers.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: Can I use hairspray to seal acrylic paint?
While some people might use hairspray as a quick fix, it is strongly discouraged for sealing artwork. Hairspray is not formulated for archival purposes. It can become sticky over time, attract dust, yellow, and potentially damage the acrylic paint, making future varnishing difficult or impossible. It is far better to invest in a proper acrylic sealant.
Q2: Will varnish change the appearance of my acrylic painting?
Yes, varnishes can change the appearance, primarily in terms of sheen and color depth. Gloss varnishes will deepen colors and add shine. Satin provides a moderate sheen, and matte finishes will reduce shine and can sometimes make colors appear slightly less saturated than a gloss finish. Always test your chosen varnish on a scrap piece first to see how it affects your colors and desired acrylic paint finish.
Q3: How many coats of varnish should I apply?
Generally, 2-3 thin, even coats are sufficient for good protection. For heavier use or additional depth, 4-5 coats can be applied. Always ensure each coat is dry before applying the next. The key is thin, even layers rather than one thick, problematic coat.
Q4: When is the right time to varnish my acrylic painting?
You should wait until the acrylic paint is fully cured, which typically takes between 72 hours to several weeks, depending on paint thickness. Applying varnish too soon can trap moisture and cause cloudiness. Waiting at least 7-14 days is a good general rule.
Q5: Can I use a clear acrylic medium as a sealant?
Yes, many acrylic mediums, especially those with a gloss, satin, or matte finish, can function as a sealant. They are designed to be compatible with acrylic paints. These mediums are a good option if you want to maintain the character of acrylics and achieve a unified finish.
Q6: What is the difference between a fixative and a varnish for acrylics?
A fixative is typically a lighter spray sealant, often used for pastels or charcoal, but can offer a basic protective layer for acrylics. A varnish is generally a more robust, durable coating designed for long-term protection, available in spray and liquid forms, and offering a wider range of finishes. For serious protecting acrylic paint and preserving acrylic paintings, a varnish is usually preferred over a fixative.
Q7: Should I seal my acrylics if they are framed behind glass?
Even if your acrylic painting is framed behind glass, sealing the surface is still a good practice. The sealant provides a stable, uniform surface that is less prone to damage if the glass is removed for cleaning or other reasons. It also offers protection against any potential contact with the glass itself, which could adhere to the paint over time in certain conditions.
Q8: My spray sealant looks cloudy or uneven. What went wrong?
Cloudiness or an uneven finish with a spray sealant can happen for several reasons:
* Too close: Holding the can too close can lead to an uneven mist and drips.
* Too thick: Applying the spray too heavily in one go can cause pooling and cloudiness.
* Humidity: High humidity can cause moisture to condense in the spray, leading to a milky appearance.
* Incomplete curing: Applying the spray before the paint was fully dry.
* Shaking: Not shaking the can properly can result in an uneven spray.
Always use thin coats, maintain the correct distance, work in low humidity, and ensure the painting is fully cured.
Q9: Can I re-varnish an acrylic painting later?
Yes, in most cases, you can re-varnish an acrylic painting if needed. If the original varnish becomes damaged or if you wish to change the finish, you can apply a new layer. However, ensure the original varnish is clean and dry. Some older varnishes (especially those not specifically made for acrylics) might yellow or become brittle, making re-varnishing more challenging.
Conclusion
Sealing acrylic paintings is an essential step in the artistic journey, ensuring your hard work and creative vision are protected for years to come. By carefully choosing the right acrylic sealant, properly preparing your artwork, and applying it with attention to detail, you can achieve a beautiful and lasting finish. Whether you opt for a convenient spray sealant for acrylics or a meticulous brush-on varnish, the investment in protecting acrylic paint will safeguard your creations against dust, UV rays, and the passage of time. Embrace the process of varnishing acrylics as the final flourish that elevates and preserves your art, allowing your finishing acrylic artwork to shine for generations.